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A tablet computer, sometimes known as a tablet computer, is a mobile device that combines a mobile operating system, touchscreen display processing circuits, and a rechargeable battery into a single, small, and flat compact. Tablets, like other computers, perform the same functions as other computers. However, they lack some input/output (I/O) capabilities. Current tablets are basically similar to modern smartphones, with the exception that tablets are bigger than smartphones, with displays measuring 7 inches (18 cm) or bigger diagonally, and may not enable cellular network connectivity.

Instead of using a mouse, touchpad, or keyboard, the touchscreen display is controlled by movements made with a finger or a digital pen (stylus). The existence and look of physical keyboards can be used to classify portable computers. The slate and booklet are two types of tablet that lack hardware keyboards and instead rely on a virtual keyboard shown on their touchscreen screens to take text and other input. Most tablets may connect to external physical keyboards through Bluetooth or USB to compensate for their absence of a physical keyboard; 2-in-1 PCs, on the other hand, include keyboards.

The tablet’s shape was conceived in the mid-twentieth century (Stanley Kubrick featured fictitious tablets in the 1968 science fiction film A Space Odyssey) then prototyped and perfected in the last two decades of the century. The iPad, Apple’s first mass-market tablet, was debuted in 2010, and it quickly became a hit. Tablets quickly gained ubiquity following that, and they quickly became a huge product category with personal, educational, and workplace uses, with sales stabilizing in the mid-2010s. Viewing presentations, video conferencing, reading e-books, watching movies, exchanging images, and more are all common applications for a tablet PC.

Pen computing paved the way for the creation of the tablet computer and its operating system. The telautograph, which employed a sheet of paper as a display and a pen coupled to electromechanical actuators, was invented in 1888 and was the first electrical device with data input and output on a flat information display. Devices having these qualities have been envisaged and built during the twentieth century, whether as designs, prototypes, or commercial goods. Several businesses developed commercial products in the 1980s, with numerous input/output types being tried out, in addition to several university and research systems.

Several significant technological advancements aided in the creation of the tablet computer. The ability to manufacture portable smart devices such as tablet computers was made feasible by the fast scaling and shrinking of MOSFET transistor technology (Moore’s law), the basic building block of mobile devices and computing devices. Another key enabler was the lithium-ion battery, which was first commercialized by Sony and Asahi Kasei in 1991 and is now an essential energy source for tablets.